Multi-agent models have been a close companion of evolutionary linguistics since its resurgence in the 90s. (There’s too much fuzzy terminology in our field but for me this term subsumes the study of the evolution of Language with a capital L as well as language evolution, i.e. evolutionary approaches to language change.) I’d probably go read more...
Baronchelli, Andrea, Felici, Maddalena, Loreto, Vittorio, Caglioti, Emanuele & Steels, Luc (2006). Sharp transition towards shared vocabularies in multi-agent systems, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2006 (06) DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2006/06/P06014
Jäger, Gerhard (2008). Language evolution and George Price’s “General Theory of Selection”, Language in flux: dialogue coordination, language variation, change and evolution, Communication, mind & language 1 53-80. Other: http://www.sfs.uni-tuebingen.de/~gjaeger/publications/leverhulme.pdf
Platt, John R (1964). Strong inference, Science, 146 (3642) 347-353. Other: 10.1126/science.146.3642.347
Nowak Martin A, Krakauer David C & Dress Andreas (1999). An error limit for the evolution of language, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 266 (1433) 2131-2136. PMID: 10902547
Nowak, Martin A, Komarova, Natalia L & Niyogi, Partha (2001). Evolution of universal grammar, Science, 291 (5501) 114-118. PMID: 11141560
Reali, Florencia & Griffiths, Thomas L (2009). Words as alleles: connecting language evolution with Bayesian learners to models of genetic drift, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277 (1680) 429-436. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1513